practice questions
1. potassium (k), a=39, z=19 → find p, n, e.
2. sulfur (s), a=32, z=16 → find p, n, e.
3. oxygen ion (o²⁻), a=16, z=8 → find p, n, e.
4. aluminum (al), a=27, z=13 → find p, n, e.

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1: Potassium (K), $ A = 39 $, $ Z = 19 $
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Find protons ($ p^+ $)
Protons equal atomic number ($ Z $).
$ p^+ = Z = 19 $

## Step 2: Find neutrons ($ n^0 $)
Neutrons = Mass number ($ A $) - Atomic number ($ Z $).
$ n^0 = A - Z = 39 - 19 = 20 $

## Step 3: Find electrons ($ e^- $)
For neutral atom, electrons = protons.
$ e^- = p^+ = 19 $

# Answer: $ p^+ = 19 $, $ n^0 = 20 $, $ e^- = 19 $

### Question 2: Sulfur (S), $ A = 32 $, $ Z = 16 $
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Protons ($ p^+ $)
$ p^+ = Z = 16 $

## Step 2: Neutrons ($ n^0 $)
$ n^0 = A - Z = 32 - 16 = 16 $

## Step 3: Electrons ($ e^- $)
Neutral atom: $ e^- = p^+ = 16 $

# Answer: $ p^+ = 16 $, $ n^0 = 16 $, $ e^- = 16 $

### Question 3: Oxygen ion ($ O^{2-} $), $ A = 16 $, $ Z = 8 $
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Protons ($ p^+ $)
$ p^+ = Z = 8 $

## Step 2: Neutrons ($ n^0 $)
$ n^0 = A - Z = 16 - 8 = 8 $

## Step 3: Electrons ($ e^- $)
For $ O^{2-} $ (gain 2 electrons), $ e^- = p^+ + 2 = 8 + 2 = 10 $

# Answer: $ p^+ = 8 $, $ n^0 = 8 $, $ e^- = 10 $

### Question 4: Aluminum (Al), $ A = 27 $, $ Z = 13 $
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Protons ($ p^+ $)
$ p^+ = Z = 13 $

## Step 2: Neutrons ($ n^0 $)
$ n^0 = A - Z = 27 - 13 = 14 $

## Step 3: Electrons ($ e^- $)
Neutral atom: $ e^- = p^+ = 13 $

# Answer: $ p^+ = 13 $, $ n^0 = 14 $, $ e^- = 13 $

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Question

Explanation:

Question 1: Potassium (K), \( A = 39 \), \( Z = 19 \)

Step 1: Find protons (\( p^+ \))

Step 2: Find neutrons (\( n^0 \))

Step 3: Find electrons (\( e^- \))

Step 1: Protons (\( p^+ \))

Step 2: Neutrons (\( n^0 \))

Step 3: Electrons (\( e^- \))

Step 1: Protons (\( p^+ \))

Step 2: Neutrons (\( n^0 \))

Step 3: Electrons (\( e^- \))

Answer:

Question 2: Sulfur (S), \( A = 32 \), \( Z = 16 \)