Question

question 5 (1 point) (02.06 mc) as you move down group one of the periodic table, what happens to the atomic radii? a they increase because of the higher number of occupied energy levels. b they increase because of the stronger attraction between electrons and the nucleus. c they decrease because of the weaker effective nuclear charge. d they decrease because of the lower number of protons. question 6 (1 point) (02.06 mc) which element in the third period would you expect to have the larger atomic radius, sodium (na) or sulfur (s)? a sodium because it has a higher effective nuclear charge attracting electrons in fewer energy levels. b sodium because it has fewer protons attracting electrons in the same energy levels. c sulfur because it has more protons attracting electrons in more energy levels. d sulfur because it has a higher effective nuclear charge attracting electrons in the same energy levels. question 7 (1 point) (02.06 mc) which of the following elements would you expect to have the lowest ionization energy value, and why? a fluorine (f) because it is a halogen that naturally forms a negative ion. b lithium (li), because it has a low effective nuclear charge and large radius. c neon (ne), because it is a noble gas with a full energy level and small radius. d nitrogen (n), because it is a nonmetal that does not have a full outer energy level.

Explanation:

• Question 5: As you move down a group in the periodic table, new energy levels are added. Each new energy level is farther from the nucleus, increasing the atomic radius. So, the atomic radii increase due to a higher number of occupied energy levels.
• Question 6: Sodium and sulfur are in the same period. Sodium has fewer protons and a lower effective - nuclear charge compared to sulfur. With fewer protons attracting electrons in the same energy levels, sodium has a larger atomic radius.
• Question 7: Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron. Lithium has a low effective nuclear charge and a relatively large radius. Electrons in lithium are not held as tightly as in other given elements, so it has a low ionization energy.

Answer:

• Question 5: a. They increase because of the higher number of occupied energy levels.
• Question 6: b. Sodium because it has fewer protons attracting electrons in the same energy levels.
• Question 7: b. Lithium (Li), because it has a low effective nuclear charge and large radius.