Question

a solid compound of a group 1 (alkali) metal and a group 17 (halogen) element dissolves in water. the diagram above represents one type of solute particle present in the solution. which of the following explains how the solute particle interacts with water molecules? a the particle is a negative ion, and the interactions are hydrogen bonds. b the particle is a negative ion, and the interactions are ion - dipole attractions. c the particle is a positive ion, and the interactions are ion - dipole attractions. d the particle is a positive ion, and the interactions are dipole - dipole attractions.

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze the nature of solute - solvent interaction

When an ionic compound (a solid compound of an alkali metal and a halogen) dissolves in water, the ions separate. Water is a polar molecule. The positive end of the water dipole is attracted to the negative ion of the solute, and the negative end of the water dipole is attracted to the positive ion of the solute. These are ion - dipole attractions.

Step2: Evaluate each option

Option A mentions hydrogen bonds which occur between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (N, O, F) and another electronegative atom. This is not relevant here. Option B is correct as ion - dipole attractions occur between ions (from the solute) and polar water molecules. Option C has the wrong charge - dipole relationship orientation. Option D is incorrect as it is not dipole - dipole interactions (which occur between polar molecules) but ion - dipole interactions.

Answer:

B. The particle is a negative ion, and the interactions are ion - dipole attractions.