Question

step 3: write answers to the following questions. you must provide examples for your answers to earn credit. 1. identify and describe the arrangement and motion of molecules in each state of matter. 2. why does matter increase in volume when it heats up? 3. if i have a block of solid gold and i continually add energy to it, will it continually increase in temperature? explain.

Explanation:

1. Solid: Molecules are closely packed in an orderly arrangement and vibrate in place. For example, in an ice - cube, water molecules are arranged in a regular lattice and only vibrate around fixed positions. Liquid: Molecules are close together but can slide past one another. Water in a glass is an example, where water molecules move more freely than in ice but still have relatively strong intermolecular forces. Gas: Molecules are far apart and move randomly at high speeds. Oxygen gas in the air is an example, with oxygen molecules moving independently in all directions.
2. When matter heats up, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases. The molecules move more vigorously and spread out, causing the matter to expand and increase in volume. For example, a balloon filled with air will expand when placed in a warm environment as the air molecules inside gain kinetic energy and push the walls of the balloon outwards.
3. No, it will not continually increase in temperature. When solid gold is heated, initially its temperature will rise until it reaches its melting point. At the melting point, the added energy is used to break the intermolecular forces holding the gold in a solid state (latent heat of fusion) and the temperature remains constant during the phase - change from solid to liquid. Similarly, when it reaches its boiling point, the added energy is used for the phase - change from liquid to gas (latent heat of vaporization) and the temperature does not increase during this phase - change process.

Answer:

1. Solid: Molecules closely packed, vibrate in place (e.g., ice - cube). Liquid: Molecules close, can slide (e.g., water in a glass). Gas: Molecules far apart, move randomly (e.g., oxygen in air).
2. Molecules gain kinetic energy and spread out (e.g., balloon in warm environment).
3. No. Energy is used for phase - changes at melting and boiling points (e.g., gold during melting and boiling).