Question

structure of the atom review vocabulary element new vocabulary atom nucleus proton neutron electron quark electron cloud recall the definition of the review vocabulary term. element use your book to define each term. atom nucleus proton neutron electron quark

Explanation:

• element: A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
• atom: The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) and electrons orbiting the nucleus. It is the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
• nucleus: The central, dense part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons. It contains most of the atom’s mass and has a positive electric charge.
• proton: A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a positive electric charge (equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the electron’s charge) and a mass approximately 1 atomic mass unit.
• neutron: A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with no electric charge (neutral) and a mass approximately equal to that of a proton (about 1 atomic mass unit).
• electron: A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge, much smaller in mass than protons or neutrons, that orbits the nucleus of an atom in regions called electron clouds or shells.
• quark: A fundamental subatomic particle that is a building block of protons and neutrons (and other hadrons). There are different types (flavors) of quarks, and they combine in specific ways to form composite particles like protons (two up quarks and one down quark) and neutrons (one up quark and two down quarks).
• electron cloud: A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. It represents the probabilistic distribution of electrons, rather than a fixed orbit, and is often depicted as a “cloud” of varying density (higher density where electrons are more likely to be located).

Answer:

• element: A pure substance with one type of atom, not breakable chemically.
• atom: Basic unit of an element, with nucleus and orbiting electrons.
• nucleus: Dense central part of an atom, has protons/neutrons, most mass.
• proton: Positively charged subatomic particle in nucleus, ~1 amu mass.
• neutron: Neutral subatomic particle in nucleus, ~1 amu mass.
• electron: Negatively charged subatomic particle, orbits nucleus, small mass.
• quark: Fundamental particle, builds protons/neutrons (e.g., up/down quarks).
• electron cloud: Region around nucleus with probable electron locations.