Question

synthesis - what can we take away from all these patterns on the periodic table? 1. noble gases have a full outer shell of electrons. this seems to be a preferred situation for electrons. how can we tell this? noble gas by name, noble gas symbol, # protons and # electrons it has. 2. the alkali metals have 1 outer shell electron, and when they lose their 1 outer electron, become _ ions. alkali metals, alkali ion symbol with the charge it typically makes, # protons and #electrons in the ion. 3. the alkaline earth metals have 2 valence (outer shell) electrons and when they lose their 2 valence electrons, they’re _ ions. alkaline earth metal, alkaline earth ion symbol with the charge it makes, # protons and #electrons in the ion. 4. the halogens are only 1 e - away from the ideal number of valence electrons that the noble gasses have. what kind of ions will they form to be like the noble gasses? halogen, halogen ion symbol makes as an ion, #protons and #electrons in the ion

Explanation:

Step1: Recall noble - gas information

Noble gases include helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn). Their symbols are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn respectively. The number of protons and electrons for each: He has 2 protons and 2 electrons; Ne has 10 protons and 10 electrons; Ar has 18 protons and 18 electrons; Kr has 36 protons and 36 electrons; Xe has 54 protons and 54 electrons; Rn has 86 protons and 86 electrons.

Step2: Analyze alkali - metal ions

Alkali metals (lithium - Li, sodium - Na, potassium - K, rubidium - Rb, cesium - Cs, francium - Fr) lose one electron to form cations. For example, Li forms $Li^+$, with 3 protons and 2 electrons; Na forms $Na^+$, with 11 protons and 10 electrons.

Step3: Analyze alkaline - earth - metal ions

Alkaline earth metals (beryllium - Be, magnesium - Mg, calcium - Ca, strontium - Sr, barium - Ba, radium - Ra) lose two electrons to form cations. For example, Mg forms $Mg^{2 + }$, with 12 protons and 10 electrons.

Step4: Analyze halogen ions

Halogens (fluorine - F, chlorine - Cl, bromine - Br, iodine - I, astatine - At) gain one electron to form anions. For example, F forms $F^-$, with 9 protons and 10 electrons.

Noble gas by name	Noble gas symbol	# protons and # electrons it has
Neon	Ne	10 protons, 10 electrons
Argon	Ar	18 protons, 18 electrons
Krypton	Kr	36 protons, 36 electrons
Xenon	Xe	54 protons, 54 electrons
Radon	Rn	86 protons, 86 electrons

Alkali metals	Alkali ion symbol with the charge it typically makes	# protons and #electrons in the ion
Sodium	$Na^+$	11 protons, 10 electrons
Potassium	$K^+$	19 protons, 18 electrons
Rubidium	$Rb^+$	37 protons, 36 electrons
Cesium	$Cs^+$	55 protons, 54 electrons
Francium	$Fr^+$	87 protons, 86 electrons

Alkaline earth metal	Alkaline earth ion symbol with the charge it makes	# protons and #electrons in the ion
Magnesium	$Mg^{2+}$	12 protons, 10 electrons
Calcium	$Ca^{2+}$	20 protons, 18 electrons
Strontium	$Sr^{2+}$	38 protons, 36 electrons
Barium	$Ba^{2+}$	56 protons, 54 electrons
Radium	$Ra^{2+}$	88 protons, 86 electrons

halogen	Halogen ION symbol makes as an ION	#protons and #electrons in the ion
Chlorine	$Cl^-$	17 protons, 18 electrons
Bromine	$Br^-$	35 protons, 36 electrons
Iodine	$I^-$	53 protons, 54 electrons
Astatine	$At^-$	85 protons, 86 electrons

Answer:

See the above - filled tables for details.