Question

thomson concluded from his research that the mass of the negative charge was very small compared to the magnitude of the charge. thomson’s model can be thought of as a chocolate chip cookie or chocolate chips in ice cream. the chips represent the electrons evenly distributed. discovering the nucleus: in ____ model of the atom, electrons travel around the nucleus like around the sun. rutherford experimented using ____ and alpha particles.

Explanation:

To solve this fill - in - the - blank problem related to atomic models in chemistry (a subfield of Natural Science), we analyze each blank:

1. First blank (Thomson's model name)

Thomson's model of the atom is known as the "plum - pudding" model. In this model, electrons (the negative charges) are like plums (or chocolate chips) embedded in a positively charged "pudding" (or the cookie dough/ice cream base), which matches the description of electrons being evenly distributed.

2. Second blank (model with electrons around nucleus)

The model where electrons travel around the nucleus like planets around the sun is Rutherford's (later developed into the Bohr model, but the initial model with electrons orbiting the nucleus after Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus is related to the planetary model, and the key here is Rutherford's work leading to the nuclear model. However, the model where electrons orbit the nucleus is often associated with the Rutherford - Bohr model, but the main model after discovering the nucleus (Rutherford's experiment) is the nuclear model, and the model with electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets around the sun is the "planetary" model, but more accurately, after Rutherford's discovery, the model is the Rutherford model (nuclear model) and then Bohr's model. But in the context of the sentence "In ______ model of the atom, electrons travel around the nucleus like around the sun", the answer is "Rutherford's" (or "planetary", but Rutherford's model is the one where the nucleus is at the center and electrons orbit around, similar to planets around the sun).

3. Third blank (Rutherford's experiment material)

Rutherford experimented using "gold foil" and alpha particles. In his famous gold - foil experiment, he shot alpha particles at a thin gold foil to study the structure of the atom.

Filling the blanks:

• First blank (Thomson's model): plum - pudding
• Second blank (model with electrons around nucleus): Rutherford's
• Third blank (Rutherford's experiment material): gold foil

(Note: For the diagram - related blanks, assuming the left diagram is Thomson's plum - pudding model (so the labels around it would be related to "plum - pudding model", "electrons", "positive charge (pudding)"), and the right diagram is Rutherford's (or Bohr's) model with labels like "nucleus", "electrons", "electron orbitals" etc. But based on the text - based blanks we have filled the main text - based ones above.)

If we consider the text - based blanks only:

Step1: Thomson's model name

Thomson's atomic model is plum - pudding.

Step2: Model with electrons orbiting nucleus

Rutherford's model has electrons orbiting nucleus like planets around sun.

Step3: Rutherford's experiment material

Rutherford used gold foil with alpha particles.

Answer:

• First blank (Thomson's model): plum - pudding
• Second blank (model with electrons around nucleus): Rutherford's
• Third blank (Rutherford's experiment material): gold foil