Question

lab 8
from critical thinking and review questions (pp 99-102)

1. what are the bones that form the jaw?
2. why does the human vertebral column have four curves?
3. identify 3 types of ribs

1.
2.
3.

1. name the opposite joint movement.

a. supinate:
b. adduct:
c. flex:

1. for each joint, name a bone that articulates with the following bone:

a. shoulder: humerus with
b. elbow: radius with
c. wrist: radius with
d. hip: coxa with
e. knee: femur with
f. ankle: tibia with

Explanation:

1. Question 4: The jaw is formed by two main bones: one fixed bone of the skull and one movable lower bone.
2. Question 6: The curves of the vertebral column serve to absorb shock, support the body's weight, and maintain upright posture.
3. Question 8: Ribs are classified based on their connection to the sternum.
4. Question 12: Joint movements have direct anatomical opposites defined by direction and motion.
5. Question 13: Each listed bone articulates with a specific corresponding bone at its named joint, based on human skeletal anatomy.

Answer:

1. The mandible (lower jaw) and the maxilla (upper jaw, part of the facial skeleton) form the jaw.
2. The four curves of the human vertebral column help absorb shock, distribute the weight of the upper body, and maintain balance for upright posture.
3. 1. True (vertebrosternal) ribs
4. False (vertebrochondral) ribs
5. Floating (vertebral) ribs
6. a. Supinate: Pronate

b. Adduct: Abduct
c. Flex: Extend

1. a. shoulder: humerus with scapula (or clavicle)

b. elbow: radius with humerus (or ulna)
c. wrist: radius with scaphoid (or lunate)
d. hip: coxa with femur
e. knee: femur with tibia (or patella)
f. ankle: tibia with talus