Question

1. which of the following is the correct first step of the scientific method?

a. form a hypothesis
b. report results
c. ask a question
d. analyze data

1. validity refers to:

a. consistency across time
b. the length of a test
c. whether a test measures what it claims to measure
d. the researchers credentials

1. qualitative research typically involves:

a. large statistical surveys only
b. brain imaging
c. in - depth interviews and non - numerical data
d. experimental manipulation

1. quantitative research primarily collects:

a. personal narratives
b. numerical data
c. case histories only
d. dream reports

1. longitudinal research involves:

a. studying different age groups at one time
b. repeated data collection over an extended period
c. one - time surveys
d. laboratory - only observation

1. cross - sectional research involves:

a. repeated measures over decades
b. studying one person intensively
c. collecting data from multiple groups at the same time
d. manipulating variables

1. observing and recording behavior is the main purpose behind ______ research.

a. descriptive
b. correlational
c. experimental
d. longitudinal

1. correlational research examines:

a. causal relationships
b. the strength and direction of relationships between variables
c. brain chemistry
d. treatment effectiveness

Explanation:

1. The scientific method starts with identifying a question to investigate.
2. Validity assesses if a test meets its intended measurement goal.
3. Qualitative research focuses on non-narrative, non-numerical data like interviews.
4. Quantitative research centers on measurable, numerical data points.
5. Longitudinal research tracks subjects/data over a long period repeatedly.
6. Cross-sectional research gathers data from multiple groups at a single time point.
7. Descriptive research's core goal is observing and documenting behavior.
8. Correlational research looks at how strongly variables relate, not causation.

Answer:

1. C. Ask a question
2. C. Whether a test measures what it claims to measure
3. C. In-depth interviews and non-numerical data
4. B. Numerical data
5. B. Repeated data collection over an extended period
6. C. Collecting data from multiple groups at the same time
7. A. descriptive
8. B. The strength and direction of relationships between variables