Question

chemical formulas
name _____________ period __date ____

1. when bonding with nonmetals, metal atoms tend to give | take | share their valence electrons and make positively | negatively | neutral charged atoms called __ ions | isotopes .
2. when bonding with metals, nonmetal atoms tend to give | take | share their valence electrons and make positively | negatively | neutral charged atoms.

metal ion	valence electrons	charge of ion	oxidation number	nonmetal ion	valence electrons	charge of ion	oxidation number	formula
aluminum	3	+3	al⁺³	chlorine	7	-1	cl⁻	alcl₃
magnesium				bromine
sodium				oxygen
lithium				phosphorus
calcium				oxygen
calcium				sulfur
beryllium				nitrogen

Explanation:

Question 1

Metals have few valence electrons (usually 1 - 3) and tend to lose (give) them to achieve a stable electron configuration. When they lose electrons, they have more protons than electrons, so they become positively charged. These charged atoms are called ions (isotopes are atoms of the same element with different neutrons, not related to charge from bonding).

Nonmetals have 5 - 7 valence electrons (usually) and tend to gain (take) electrons to achieve a stable octet. When they gain electrons, they have more electrons than protons, so they become negatively charged.

Step1: Determine Magnesium's valence electrons, charge, oxidation number

Magnesium is in group 2, so it has 2 valence electrons. It will lose 2 electrons, so charge of ion is \(+2\), oxidation number is \(Mg^{+2}\).

Step2: Determine Bromine's valence electrons, charge, oxidation number

Bromine is in group 17, has 7 valence electrons. It will gain 1 electron, so charge of ion is \(-1\), oxidation number is \(Br^{-}\).

Step3: Determine the formula

To form a neutral compound, the total positive charge equals total negative charge. Magnesium is \(+2\), Bromine is \(-1\). Let the number of Mg be \(x\) and Br be \(y\). So \(2x = 1y\). The simplest ratio is \(x = 1\), \(y = 2\), so formula is \(MgBr_2\).

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Answer:

When bonding with nonmetals, metal atoms tend to \(\boldsymbol{\text{give}}\) their valence electrons and make \(\boldsymbol{\text{positively}}\) charged atoms called \(\boldsymbol{\text{ions}}\).

Question 2